![]() ![]() The engineer in charge of or responsible for the locomotive(s) as well as the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all train handling.Īny of various specialized, edged tools for cutting wood, iron, or stone.Ī mixture of rubber, stone chippings, gravel, or broken stones with lime and water. The covered part in the front of the locomotive which protects the engineer and the fireman, and shields the levers, etc.Ī base plate in the cab made of metal to protect it from fire.Ī car attached to the rear of a freight train fitted up for the accomodation of the conductor, brakeman, and chance passengers.Ī fender or resiliant pad or block, placed on the end of a platform of a car bed to moderate the concussion of colliding cars. That portion of a brake which is brought in contact with the object whose motion is to be restrained.Ī person who operates, inspects, or repairs brakes, especially a railroad employee who assists the conductor and checks on the operation of a train's brakes. The boiler for raising steam may be called a steam-generator.Ī contrivance for stopping the motion of a car-wheel by friction applied thereto. The process was patented by Henry Bessemer in 1855.Īn explosive powder consisting of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal.Ī person who forges objects of iron, including items essential to the building of a railroad, such as rail spikes.Ī powder for blasting purposes composed of various forms of carbon and metallic salts.Ī closed vessel in which water (or other fluid) is heated. Steel produced by an industrial process in which impurities are removed by forcing a blast of air through molten iron. Newcomen's engine was the first effective steam-engine.Ī shaft or rod on which a wheel is placed. It was improved by Thomas Newcomen, 1705, and James Watt, 1769. Invented as the "digester" by Denis Papin of Blois, France, in 1695. ![]() Using personal objects, participants show their view of man-made environmental changes in their environment and share their stories and memories.A Glossary of 19th Century Railroad Terms abutmentĪ fixed point or surface, affording a relatively immovable object against which a body abuts or presses while resisting or moving in a contrary direction, for example, an end arch of a bridge. The cooperation project with the Natural History Museum in Paris, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, invites everyone to contribute their own perceptions and objects to the digital collection. The focus is not on one definition of the new age: What has changed and for whom? Which global entanglements are behind the local perception, the individual story or the everyday object? The aim is to open up opportunities for a broader dialogue. ![]() In this way, memories are to be made accessible as a repository of broad cultural knowledge about the current change. In the participatory experiment "Changing Natures" a growing, digital collection is being created that makes everyday objects and personal stories about the Anthropocene scientifically accessible for the first time. The museum is therefore developing new approaches and methods of research on the Anthropocene. Johannes Vogel, Director General of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin The Anthropocene clearly shows us that we can only meet the major global challenges together with science, politics, business and society. "We need new approaches to nature and a new way of dealing with it. ![]() Determining such an age also requires making the responsibility of different actors visible from different perspectives. The now identified Golden Spike is an important step in the pending decision by the International Union of Geological Sciences to formally recognize the Anthropocene as a new geochronological epoch. Since 2009, the interdisciplinary team of researchers of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) has been looking for suitable reference points for the beginning of the Anthropocene, the so-called "Golden Spike". However, the scientific formalization of an "age of man" can only be a beginning: In a participatory collection of the Anthropocene, scientists from the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin are researching together with citizens on individual perspectives on when and how nature was changed by humans. This decision by the Anthropocene Working Group provides the basis for scientifically recognizing the Anthropocene and implementing the necessary structural changes in science, politics, business and society. Crawford Lake in Canada is the proposed point at which global human influence becomes clearly visible within the Earth's sedimentary layers. ![]()
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